Corporate Criminal Liability Under Indonesia’s New Criminal Code

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, together with its amendments as regulated under Law Number 1 of 2026 concerning Penal Adjustments (hereinafter referred to as the “New Criminal Code”) marks a significant transformation of the country’s criminal justice system. One of its most notable developments is the strengthened recognition of corporations as subjects of criminal law that may be held directly liable, on an equal footing with natural persons. Corporation as the New Subject of Criminal Law Under Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning Criminal Law Regulation (the Old Criminal Code), only individuals could be held...

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